这里用的是SpringMVC-3.2.4和Shiro-1.2.2:
首先是web.xml
contextConfigLocation classpath:applicationContext.xml org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener SpringEncodingFilter org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter encoding UTF-8 forceEncoding true SpringEncodingFilter /* shiroFilter org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy targetFilterLifecycle true shiroFilter /* SpringMVC org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet contextConfigLocation classpath:applicationContext.xml 1 SpringMVC / 405 /WEB-INF/405.html 404 /WEB-INF/404.jsp 500 /WEB-INF/500.jsp java.lang.Throwable /WEB-INF/500.jsp
下面是用于显示Request method 'GET' not supported的//WebRoot//WEB-INF//405.html:
405.html Request method 'GET' not supported The specified HTTP method is not allowed for the requested resource.
下面是允许匿名用户访问的//WebRoot//login.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
下面是用户登录后显示的//WebRoot//main.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 普通用户可访问用户信息页面 管理员可访问用户列表页面 Logout
下面是只有管理员才允许访问的//WebRoot//admin//listUser.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> This is listUser.jsp Logout
下面是普通的登录用户所允许访问的//WebRoot//user//info.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 当前登录的用户为${currUser} Logout 下面是//src//log4j.properties
#use Root for GobalConfig log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=DEBUG log4j.logger.org.apache.commons=DEBUG log4j.logger.org.springframework=DEBUG #use ConsoleAppender for ConsoleOut log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=DEBUG log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[%d{yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss}][%t][%C{1}.%M]%m%n 下面是//src//applicationContext.xml
WEB-INF/error_fileupload WEB-INF/500 /mydemo/login=anon /mydemo/getVerifyCodeImage=anon /main**=authc /user/info**=authc /admin/listUser**=authc,perms[admin:manage]
下面是自定义的Realm类----MyRealm.java
package com.jadyer.realm; import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ReflectionToStringBuilder; import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle; import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken; import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm; import org.apache.shiro.session.Session; import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; /** * 自定义的指定Shiro验证用户登录的类 * @see 在本例中定义了2个用户:jadyer和玄玉,jadyer具有admin角色和admin:manage权限,玄玉不具有任何角色和权限 * @create Sep 29, 2013 3:15:31 PM * @author 玄玉 */ public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { /** * 为当前登录的Subject授予角色和权限 * @see 经测试:本例中该方法的调用时机为需授权资源被访问时 * @see 经测试:并且每次访问需授权资源时都会执行该方法中的逻辑,这表明本例中默认并未启用AuthorizationCache * @see 个人感觉若使用了Spring3.1开始提供的ConcurrentMapCache支持,则可灵活决定是否启用AuthorizationCache * @see 比如说这里从数据库获取权限信息时,先去访问Spring3.1提供的缓存,而不使用Shior提供的AuthorizationCache */ @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals){ //获取当前登录的用户名,等价于(String)principals.fromRealm(this.getName()).iterator().next() String currentUsername = (String)super.getAvailablePrincipal(principals); // List roleList = new ArrayList (); // List permissionList = new ArrayList (); // //从数据库中获取当前登录用户的详细信息 // User user = userService.getByUsername(currentUsername); // if(null != user){ // //实体类User中包含有用户角色的实体类信息 // if(null!=user.getRoles() && user.getRoles().size()>0){ // //获取当前登录用户的角色 // for(Role role : user.getRoles()){ // roleList.add(role.getName()); // //实体类Role中包含有角色权限的实体类信息 // if(null!=role.getPermissions() && role.getPermissions().size()>0){ // //获取权限 // for(Permission pmss : role.getPermissions()){ // if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(pmss.getPermission())){ // permissionList.add(pmss.getPermission()); // } // } // } // } // } // }else{ // throw new AuthorizationException(); // } // //为当前用户设置角色和权限 // SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); // simpleAuthorInfo.addRoles(roleList); // simpleAuthorInfo.addStringPermissions(permissionList); SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); //实际中可能会像上面注释的那样从数据库取得 if(null!=currentUsername && "jadyer".equals(currentUsername)){ //添加一个角色,不是配置意义上的添加,而是证明该用户拥有admin角色 simpleAuthorInfo.addRole("admin"); //添加权限 simpleAuthorInfo.addStringPermission("admin:manage"); System.out.println("已为用户[jadyer]赋予了[admin]角色和[admin:manage]权限"); return simpleAuthorInfo; }else if(null!=currentUsername && "玄玉".equals(currentUsername)){ System.out.println("当前用户[玄玉]无授权"); return simpleAuthorInfo; } //若该方法什么都不做直接返回null的话,就会导致任何用户访问/admin/listUser.jsp时都会自动跳转到unauthorizedUrl指定的地址 //详见applicationContext.xml中的 的配置 return null; } /** * 验证当前登录的Subject * @see 经测试:本例中该方法的调用时机为LoginController.login()方法中执行Subject.login()时 */ @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authcToken) throws AuthenticationException { //获取基于用户名和密码的令牌 //实际上这个authcToken是从LoginController里面currentUser.login(token)传过来的 //两个token的引用都是一样的,本例中是org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken@33799a1e UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken)authcToken; System.out.println("验证当前Subject时获取到token为" + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(token, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE)); // User user = userService.getByUsername(token.getUsername()); // if(null != user){ // AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getNickname()); // this.setSession("currentUser", user); // return authcInfo; // }else{ // return null; // } //此处无需比对,比对的逻辑Shiro会做,我们只需返回一个和令牌相关的正确的验证信息 //说白了就是第一个参数填登录用户名,第二个参数填合法的登录密码(可以是从数据库中取到的,本例中为了演示就硬编码了) //这样一来,在随后的登录页面上就只有这里指定的用户和密码才能通过验证 if("jadyer".equals(token.getUsername())){ AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("jadyer", "jadyer", this.getName()); this.setSession("currentUser", "jadyer"); return authcInfo; }else if("玄玉".equals(token.getUsername())){ AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("玄玉", "xuanyu", this.getName()); this.setSession("currentUser", "玄玉"); return authcInfo; } //没有返回登录用户名对应的SimpleAuthenticationInfo对象时,就会在LoginController中抛出UnknownAccountException异常 return null; } /** * 将一些数据放到ShiroSession中,以便于其它地方使用 * @see 比如Controller,使用时直接用HttpSession.getAttribute(key)就可以取到 */ private void setSession(Object key, Object value){ Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); if(null != currentUser){ Session session = currentUser.getSession(); System.out.println("Session默认超时时间为[" + session.getTimeout() + "]毫秒"); if(null != session){ session.setAttribute(key, value); } } } }
下面是处理用户登录的LoginController.java
package com.jadyer.controller; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ReflectionToStringBuilder; import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle; import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.ExcessiveAttemptsException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import com.jadyer.util.VerifyCodeUtil; /** * 本例中用到的jar文件如下 * @see aopalliance.jar * @see commons-lang3-3.1.jar * @see commons-logging-1.1.2.jar * @see log4j-1.2.17.jar * @see shiro-all-1.2.2.jar * @see slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar * @see slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar * @see spring-aop-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-context-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-core-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-expression-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-jdbc-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-oxm-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-tx-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @see spring-webmvc-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar * @create Sep 30, 2013 11:10:06 PM * @author 玄玉 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("mydemo") public class LoginController { /** * 获取验证码图片和文本(验证码文本会保存在HttpSession中) */ @RequestMapping("/getVerifyCodeImage") public void getVerifyCodeImage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { //设置页面不缓存 response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtil.generateTextCode(VerifyCodeUtil.TYPE_NUM_ONLY, 4, null); //将验证码放到HttpSession里面 request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", verifyCode); System.out.println("本次生成的验证码为[" + verifyCode + "],已存放到HttpSession中"); //设置输出的内容的类型为JPEG图像 response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); BufferedImage bufferedImage = VerifyCodeUtil.generateImageCode(verifyCode, 90, 30, 3, true, Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK, null); //写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream()); } /** * 用户登录 */ @RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String login(HttpServletRequest request){ String resultPageURL = InternalResourceViewResolver.FORWARD_URL_PREFIX + "/"; String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); //获取HttpSession中的验证码 String verifyCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode"); //获取用户请求表单中输入的验证码 String submitCode = WebUtils.getCleanParam(request, "verifyCode"); System.out.println("用户[" + username + "]登录时输入的验证码为[" + submitCode + "],HttpSession中的验证码为[" + verifyCode + "]"); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(submitCode) || !StringUtils.equals(verifyCode, submitCode.toLowerCase())){ request.setAttribute("message_login", "验证码不正确"); return resultPageURL; } UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password); token.setRememberMe(true); System.out.println("为了验证登录用户而封装的token为" + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(token, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE)); //获取当前的Subject Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); try { //在调用了login方法后,SecurityManager会收到AuthenticationToken,并将其发送给已配置的Realm执行必须的认证检查 //每个Realm都能在必要时对提交的AuthenticationTokens作出反应 //所以这一步在调用login(token)方法时,它会走到MyRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法中,具体验证方式详见此方法 System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证开始"); currentUser.login(token); System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证通过"); resultPageURL = "main"; }catch(UnknownAccountException uae){ System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,未知账户"); request.setAttribute("message_login", "未知账户"); }catch(IncorrectCredentialsException ice){ System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,错误的凭证"); request.setAttribute("message_login", "密码不正确"); }catch(LockedAccountException lae){ System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,账户已锁定"); request.setAttribute("message_login", "账户已锁定"); }catch(ExcessiveAttemptsException eae){ System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,错误次数过多"); request.setAttribute("message_login", "用户名或密码错误次数过多"); }catch(AuthenticationException ae){ //通过处理Shiro的运行时AuthenticationException就可以控制用户登录失败或密码错误时的情景 System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,堆栈轨迹如下"); ae.printStackTrace(); request.setAttribute("message_login", "用户名或密码不正确"); } //验证是否登录成功 if(currentUser.isAuthenticated()){ System.out.println("用户[" + username + "]登录认证通过(这里可以进行一些认证通过后的一些系统参数初始化操作)"); }else{ token.clear(); } return resultPageURL; } /** * 用户登出 */ @RequestMapping("/logout") public String logout(HttpServletRequest request){ SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout(); return InternalResourceViewResolver.REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX + "/"; } }
下面是处理普通用户访问的UserController.java
package com.jadyer.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("mydemo") public class UserController { @RequestMapping(value="/getUserInfo") public String getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest request){ String currentUser = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("currentUser"); System.out.println("当前登录的用户为[" + currentUser + "]"); request.setAttribute("currUser", currentUser); return "/user/info"; } } 最后是用于生成登录验证码的VerifyCodeUtil.java
package com.jadyer.util; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.Random; /** * 验证码生成器 * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see 可生成数字、大写、小写字母及三者混合类型的验证码 * @see 支持自定义验证码字符数量,支持自定义验证码图片的大小,支持自定义需排除的特殊字符,支持自定义干扰线的数量,支持自定义验证码图文颜色 * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see 另外,给Shiro加入验证码有多种方式,也可以通过继承修改FormAuthenticationFilter类,通过Shiro去验证验证码 * @see 而这里既然使用了SpringMVC,也为了简化操作,就使用此工具生成验证码,并在Controller中处理验证码的校验 * @see -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @create Sep 29, 2013 4:23:13 PM * @author 玄玉 */ public class VerifyCodeUtil { /** * 验证码类型为仅数字,即0~9 */ public static final int TYPE_NUM_ONLY = 0; /** * 验证码类型为仅字母,即大小写字母混合 */ public static final int TYPE_LETTER_ONLY = 1; /** * 验证码类型为数字和大小写字母混合 */ public static final int TYPE_ALL_MIXED = 2; /** * 验证码类型为数字和大写字母混合 */ public static final int TYPE_NUM_UPPER = 3; /** * 验证码类型为数字和小写字母混合 */ public static final int TYPE_NUM_LOWER = 4; /** * 验证码类型为仅大写字母 */ public static final int TYPE_UPPER_ONLY = 5; /** * 验证码类型为仅小写字母 */ public static final int TYPE_LOWER_ONLY = 6; private VerifyCodeUtil(){} /** * 生成随机颜色 */ private static Color generateRandomColor() { Random random = new Random(); return new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255)); } /** * 生成图片验证码 * @param type 验证码类型,参见本类的静态属性 * @param length 验证码字符长度,要求大于0的整数 * @param excludeString 需排除的特殊字符 * @param width 图片宽度(注意此宽度若过小,容易造成验证码文本显示不全,如4个字符的文本可使用85到90的宽度) * @param height 图片高度 * @param interLine 图片中干扰线的条数 * @param randomLocation 每个字符的高低位置是否随机 * @param backColor 图片颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @param foreColor 字体颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @param lineColor 干扰线颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @return 图片缓存对象 */ public static BufferedImage generateImageCode(int type, int length, String excludeString, int width, int height, int interLine, boolean randomLocation, Color backColor, Color foreColor, Color lineColor){ String textCode = generateTextCode(type, length, excludeString); return generateImageCode(textCode, width, height, interLine, randomLocation, backColor, foreColor, lineColor); } /** * 生成验证码字符串 * @param type 验证码类型,参见本类的静态属性 * @param length 验证码长度,要求大于0的整数 * @param excludeString 需排除的特殊字符（无需排除则为null） * @return 验证码字符串 */ public static String generateTextCode(int type, int length, String excludeString){ if(length <= 0){ return ""; } StringBuffer verifyCode = new StringBuffer(); int i = 0; Random random = new Random(); switch(type){ case TYPE_NUM_ONLY: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(10); //排除特殊字符 if(null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf(t+"")<0) { verifyCode.append(t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_LETTER_ONLY: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(123); if((t>=97 || (t>=65&&t<=90)) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_ALL_MIXED: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(123); if((t>=97 || (t>=65&&t<=90) || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_NUM_UPPER: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(91); if((t>=65 || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_NUM_LOWER: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(123); if((t>=97 || (t>=48&&t<=57)) && (null==excludeString || excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_UPPER_ONLY: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(91); if((t >= 65) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; case TYPE_LOWER_ONLY: while(i < length){ int t = random.nextInt(123); if((t>=97) && (null==excludeString||excludeString.indexOf((char)t)<0)){ verifyCode.append((char)t); i++; } } break; } return verifyCode.toString(); } /** * 已有验证码,生成验证码图片 * @param textCode 文本验证码 * @param width 图片宽度(注意此宽度若过小,容易造成验证码文本显示不全,如4个字符的文本可使用85到90的宽度) * @param height 图片高度 * @param interLine 图片中干扰线的条数 * @param randomLocation 每个字符的高低位置是否随机 * @param backColor 图片颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @param foreColor 字体颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @param lineColor 干扰线颜色,若为null则表示采用随机颜色 * @return 图片缓存对象 */ public static BufferedImage generateImageCode(String textCode, int width, int height, int interLine, boolean randomLocation, Color backColor, Color foreColor, Color lineColor){ //创建内存图像 BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //获取图形上下文 Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics(); //画背景图 graphics.setColor(null==backColor ? generateRandomColor() : backColor); graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); //画干扰线 Random random = new Random(); if(interLine > 0){ int x = 0, y = 0, x1 = width, y1 = 0; for(int i=0; i